Subtracting a vector is the same as adding a negative version of the vector (remember that making a vector negative means reversing its direction). \(\left( \begin{array}{l} a\\ b \end{array} \right) ...

Any vector can be expressed as a sum of a number of other vectors. The vectors which are summed are called the components of the original vector. When you want to add and subtract two dimensional ...

Digital or vector modulation can provide increased spectral efficiency, higher data security, and higher quality communications. This comes at a cost of increased system complexity and a resultant ...