Abstract: In this paper, an attempt is made to apply the Euler's Totient function and Euler's theorem to organizing calculations of the period of the modular exponentiation function inspired by Shor's ...

In this paper, we show that when\(N_k\) is a primorial and \(\varphi(N_k)\)is Euler’s totient function, the inequality \(\varphi(N_k) < \frac{N_k}{e^{\gamma}\log ...

which are coprime to n. (Two numbers are coprime if their greatest common divisor (GCD) equals 1). def euler_totient(n): """Euler's totient function or Phi function. Time Complexity: O(sqrt(n)).""" ...

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A function named euler_phi(n) that computes Euler's totient function φ(n): the number of integers from 1 up to n that are coprime with n (i.e., integers k with gcd(k, n) == 1). Notes and Working of ...