where a ¹ 0 and b is a constant called the base of the exponential function. b > 0 and b ¹ 1 x is the independent variable. It is the exponent of the constant, b. Thus exponential functions have a ...

Ask ordinary software developers how to code an exponential function (that is, e x) and most will tell you to simply write an expression in their favorite high level language. But a significant slice ...

Whether people tend to punish criminals in a socially-optimal manner (i.e., hyperbolic punishment) or not is unknown. By adopting mathematical models of probabilistic punishment behavior (i.e., ...

Department of Behavioral Science, Center for Experimental Research in Social Science, Faculty of Letters, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. Department of Forensic Psychiatry, National Institute of ...