Radio frequency (RF) refers to the part of the electromagnetic spectrum where electromagnetic waves can be generated by alternating current fed to an antenna. It spans from around 3 kHz to 300 GHz. RF ...

/ c ± n.m / for n = 0, 1, 2, 3, .... where n is the sideband pair number In this expression, the + indicates the upper sidebands, and the - indicates lower ones ...

Modulation is fundamental to electronic communications. The modulating signal might be analog in nature (voice or music) or digital bit streams. Most modern communication systems are digital, using ...

When you tune in to the radio, the announcer says, “Welcome to 100.1 FM Gold” or “You are listening to Akashvani at 783 AM”. The terms ‘AM’ and ‘FM’ refer to forms of signal modulation — a method at ...

Pass/fail testing is an analysis function of an oscilloscope that shows whether waveforms meet a set of defined criteria. The criteria are defined by a series of one or more qualifying conditions that ...

The key parameters of the FSS technique and their impact on EMI performance. How to evaluate FSS performance using simulation, ICs, and a signal generator. Frequency spread spectrum (FSS) is a ...