The PID controller relies on three main parameters: Proportional (P), Integral (I), and Derivative (D). These parameters are adjusted to precisely guide the car based on sensor-detected track ...

A few weeks ago, I installed an automatic water heater switch to my bathroom, but it was a crude device. What I really want to do is design a universal heater driver. That basic idea can be adapted to ...

The aim of the PID_BallBalancer is to use a PID controller to adjust the location of the ball to a desired point on the beam. To determine the location of the ball, an ultrasonic sensor will be used.

Stepper motors are a mainstay in precision control systems, valued for their simple open-loop operation and high torque at low speeds. Commonly found in CNC machines, 3D printers, and robotics, they ...

Arduino is a very popular open-source platform and Arduino UNO is one of the most loved microcontrollers among electronics hobbyists worldwide. It consists of a physical programmable circuit board and ...