The Virginia Lottery offers a game called the New Year's Millionaire Raffle for which the top prize is one million dollars. There are 375,000 tickets sold, of which 508 are winners. There are three ...

Abstract: In this chapter, we introduce the concept of a random variable and develop the procedures for characterizing random variables, including the cumulative distribution function, as well as the ...

In the early development of probability theory, only discrete random variables (although not called random variables at the time) were considered. Isaac Newton (1643-1727) considered the idea of ...

ABSTRACT: The economic emission dispatch (EED) problem minimizes two competing objective functions, fuel cost and emission, while satisfying several equality and inequality constraints. Since the ...

ABSTRACT: This paper derives a mathematical description of the complex stretch processor’s response to bandlimited Gaussian noise having arbitrary center frequency and bandwidth. The description of ...