1. Distinguish between probability and non-probability sampling and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each. If you can not specify the probability that any given individual will be in the ...

Survey sampling and estimation methods form the cornerstone of modern statistical inference, underpinning research across the social, medical, and natural sciences. At their heart, these methods ...

Statistics are often estimated from a sample rather than from the entire population. If the inclusion probability of the sample is unknown to the researcher, that is, a nonprobability sample, naively ...

The use of non-probability data as a primary data source in official statistics is currently an active field of research. Without the traditional sampling design, modern machine-learning algorithms ...