Stochastic differential equations (SDEs) and random processes form a central framework for modelling systems influenced by inherent uncertainties. These mathematical constructs are used to rigorously ...

Random fields and Gaussian processes constitute fundamental frameworks in modern probability theory and spatial statistics, providing robust tools for modelling complex dependencies over space and ...

Random processes take place all around us. It rains one day but not the next; stocks and bonds gain and lose value; traffic jams coalesce and disappear. Because they’re governed by numerous factors ...