Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) represent a burgeoning paradigm in computational science, whereby deep learning frameworks are augmented with explicit physical laws to solve both forward and ...

(A–C) Representative images reconstructed by conventional method (left) and new method (right) of microtubules, nuclear pore complexes and F-actin samples. The regions enclosed by the white boxes are ...

The TLE-PINN method integrates EPINN and deep learning models through a transfer learning framework, combining strong physical constraints and efficient computational capabilities to accurately ...